Taxation essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Taxation - Essay Example For example, government can come to a decision to impose lofty tax on illegal business to assist discourage the investors from venturing into the enterprises. Further, tax treatment plays an imperative role in determining to which scope the scheme appreciates inter-personal differences in lifetime proceeds. Thus, the procedure of taxation influences the conduct of small enterprises and allotment of resources to outsized firms. In relation to this, vigilant blueprint of savings and taxation leads to equalization of tax load in taxpayers with identical lifetime incomes (Blank 2004, 26). Relating to household saving, populaces save when the sum of money they desire to consume is dissimilar from the income they obtain. For example, some people may find expenditure smoothing hard to attain particularly if they have little returns. Therefore, decisions made by people relies less on long-term philosophy and more on aspiration for immediate indulgence. Finally, populaces save less when they earn smaller amounts yet have high needs. Additionally, due to poor rationality, there is a driving power to the government to build up savings, pensions, and public insurance. Regarding above, taxation consequently directly affects the wellbeing of people predominantly during the periods of joblessness or sequestration. Thus, in order to a faultless tax system, the government should rely broadly upon concepts like tax neutrality in order to structure its assessment (Diamond 2005, 99). This paper provides characteristics that will be able to identify a good tax system for an open economy and particularly suggest how the United Kingdom tax system should be reformed with the aim of making it ideal. The Mirrlee review was as a result of research that was carried by Sir James Mirrlee and his associates with the aim of analyzing and coming up with a

James Jarvis Essay Example for Free

James Jarvis Essay In Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country there is two protagonists, Reverend Stephen Kumalo, and James Jarvis. Both characters play significant roles to the story but James Jarvis’ situation is noteworthy and inspirational. James is an influential, dynamic character because his opinion dramatically changes upon reading his son’s manuscript. A series of events influences James to shift his mindset into the mindset of his son. An analysis on James Jarvis’ changing mindset reveals that his son’s manuscript, realizing his shortcomings, and Reverend Kumalo are all things that cause him to change drastically. When James’ son, Arthur, dies he visits Arthur’s home and finds his incomplete manuscript. When reading his writings, James finds that his son would have risked anything to help other people, and ended up doing just that. Although James is hurt by the fact that Arthur writes about his parents in a negative way ..But of South Africa I learned nothing at all.† (207), James takes the criticism and improves from it by continuing his son’s battle. James discovers that his son researches tremendously on the problems of their society, and was seeking help in the development of the social structure in South Africa. Arthur’s house contains hundreds of books and â€Å"†¦between the books there were four pictures, of Christ crucified, and Abraham Lincoln, and the white gabled house of Vergelegen, and a painting of leafless willows by a river in a wintry veld.† (176) From these pictures of Jesus, Lincoln, the gabled hose, and the leafless willow disc loses the symbolism that Arthur admires. Jesus and Lincoln were men of action; they showed love for their friends, and at the same time, their enemies. These two men suffered and died for their beliefs, the same way Arthur did. A water willow represents freedom, therefore, it can be concluded that the painting of the leafless willows represents a loss of freedom for the blacks in South Africa and how Arthur wants to gain their freedom back and help them get equal rights. When his son is shot and killed, James gets to finally know and understand him and his values. â€Å"Jarvis filled his pipe slowly, and listened to the tale of his, to this tale of a stranger† (172). James reads his sons speeches and understands his country’s segregation, relieving him of his ignorance. This comparison enables James to better understand his son and realize how concerned and devoted Arthur was for a change in humanity. After James discovers his son’s views, James starts to realize his shortcomings, and realizes that the problems of others and not only of his own. James begins to help the minority. Since his son’s death and the acquaintance of Stephen, James donates 1000 pounds to the African boy’s club. Jarvis is not just giving the money as a gift; instead he gives the money to the club because he knew the club would improve the country’s condition. Using his son’s views again, James decides to do something about Kumalo’s village, which is falling apart. He sends milk for the children, an agricultural expert, and builds a church for Ndotsheni. James builds the church because the current church in Ndotsheni is old. James and Stephen both live in the farming areas of South Africa, share the love for the same land, and what is in their lives. They each have a son of whom they consider a stranger but after they lose their sons, they begin to understand them. They both learn the problems in South Africa through their sons, and after realization, they both try to do something to improve the social, and racial differences which plague Johannesburg. Both men are strong but James Jarvis has to be the strongest for his ability to take his son’s death the way he does. Instead of being an irate, cruel, sorrowful man; he picks up where his son left off. It’s realistic that James can be forgiving to Stephen even though he is the father of Absalom, the boy who killed Arthur Jarvis. James Jarvis reacts this way because he doesn’t want anyone else to experience the same thing that happened to him; instead he wants to fix the problem before it occurs again. When his son is shot and killed, James finally gets to know and understand him and his values. â€Å"Jarvis filled his pipe slowly, and listened to the tale of his son, to this tale of a stranger† (172). He reads his sons speeches and understands his country’s segregation, relieving him of his ignorance. James Jarvis was a dynamic character that changes throughout the novel. The representation shows how South African problems educated James Jarvis, and turned him into an understanding, and influential man. If Arthur Jarvis had never been killed, James Jarvis would’ve not been educated by his son’s writings or by Stephen Kumalo.

Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded - Sexuality and the Morally Didactic Novel :: Pamela Virtue Rewarded Essays

Pamela, or Virtue Rewarded - Sexuality and the Morally Didactic Novel We have difficulties as a modern audience appreciating the social anxieties reflected in Pamela, especially those surrounding morality and valuation of individuals within the social framework. The radical stance of even using phrases such as virtue and 'fortune' to denote Pamela's virginity are themselves loaded with a questioning of the social stratification in which she resides. The term 'Fortune' is perhaps the most playful but problematic. In it the issue of the commodification of Pamela's virginity is implicated, while at the same time gaining its authority within the framework of the novel through a Protestant ethic of internal individual worth apart from social stratification. Complicating this issue of commodification is the range of Marxist or Weberian readings of the novel that place it within a conflict between the working and aristocratic classes. Pamela is explicitly placing value in her 'protestant ethic' rather than her social standing, it being "more pride to [he r] that [she] come of such honest parents, than if [she] had been born a lady" (Pamela 48) and in the same letter looking disparagingly on her fellow 'servants.' My analysis will take as central the moral issues in Pamela, but this is done with a cognizance that how we reflect on Pamela's morality is also closely related to how we read the economic and social aspects of the novel. There have been many works written in response to Pamela, some attacking the eroticism of the novel and others the social deconstruction it implies; however, the most emphatic is likely to be the Marquis de Sade's literary response in Justine (1791) and Juliette (1797). As we've already seen in "Fantomina," the erotic novel is not something new to the 18th century, and examples such as John Cleland's Fanny Hill (1748) provide explicit materials to demonstrate that the pornography and sadism of the day were as explicit as our own. As Shamela illustrates, this erotic aspect of Pamela cannot be overlooked, especially with the physicality of aspects of the letter writing and the reader's 'view' of Pamela's body through this. David Evans describes this as the prurience of its pre-occupation with sex disguised as moral guidance, and the travesty of Christian morality involved in showing 'virtue rewarded' to mean materially rewarded in this life, not spiritually in the next one.

Questions about map

List four questions about map objectives that would influence the design of a map. What am I making this map for and what am I trying to accomplish? Who will be viewing? Why will it be used? Is there privacy issues surrounding the project? 2. What factors should be considered In evaluating the balance of a map? Placement of features, the size of features, alignment of features, usage of space 3. What types of colors generally work best for maps? How can the psychology of colors be used to enhance a map's meaning?Pastels and earth are good for big map areas. Bold colors are good for emphasis. Some things have associations with colors. For example green for plant life or blue for water 4. List three common pitfalls that amateurs make when creating legends. Cryptic filenames, poor formatting of numeric numbers and not adjusting neatness for balance 5. What is a geographic coordinate system, and why is it a poor choice for creating maps? This is a bad method for making maps because of t he distortion the system makes when projecting the map.A geographic coordinate system does this cause it is a system based on a sphere. 6. What four properties are distorted by map projections? Which tend to be preserved by conic projections? What distortions are present in TM and State Plane projections? Area Shape Direction and Distance can all be distorted. TM and state plane are better for small area mapping as they tend to preserve area and distance. 7. Examine the map projections on the inside front cover of this text.List which projection(s) might be suitable for a (a) map of a county, (b) map of the united States, c) United States map used to calculate travel distances, and (d) United States map used to calculate areas. A)= TM or state plane b)= Equidistant Conic or Lambert conformal conic c)= Equidistant Conic d)= Albert Equal Area Conic 8. When does a north arrow not point up? When should a north arrow not be used? If a projection messes up the direction a north arrow cann ot be used as It does not conform with the data. A gratuities grid can be used to show north 9.If you have an Archive license and wish to create and use annotation In different AP documents, how would you need to store It? An annotation Is stored as a feature class In a sedateness. 10. What Is the difference between the map scale, the scale range, and the reference scale? Map scale- Is the ratio of units from the map to the world Scale range- controls the range of the scale at which the features are allowed to appear Reference scale- scale that determines at which symbols or text labels appear at their assigned size CHI GIS By Will-Huber 2. What factors should be considered in evaluating the balance of a map?Placement rejection(s) might be suitable for a (a) map of a county, (b) map of the United States, a projection messes up the direction a north arrow cannot be used as it does not 9. If you have an Archive license and wish to create and use annotation in different map documents, how would you need to store it? An annotation is stored as a feature class in a sedateness. 10. What is the scale= is the ratio of units from the map to the world Scale range= controls the range of the scale at which the features are allowed to appear Reference scale= scale that determines at which symbols or text labels

Examples of Evaluation Method

Preference Evaluation Example A. Direct-Objective Evaluation Direct-objective evaluation can be in the form of test result which connected the object with the objective of the test directly through the test result Examples : 1. Evaluate the student learning objectives by collecting information on student performance on tests.If the objective is to make students able to master a particular skill, and that skill is tested in a few questions on an overall exam, the instructor can evaluate attainment of the skill by looking at just those relevant questions on the exam which will give direct measure between the test result and particular skill they have. 2. Evaluate aircraft engine performance after shop visit. The objective is to get optimum airflow through the engine. The object is the clearance between the blades and the shrouds. Method : * measure the length of all blades * measure the diameter of the shrouds * measure clearance between blades and shrouds check on the manual book abou t the clearance limitations * make adjustment to get optimum clearance refer to manual This method will directly effect on the engine performance by resulting an optimum airflow through the engine which will maintain the engine bypass ratio on its optimum level. B. Ordinal Evaluation Ordinal evaluation allows us to sort the rank of the object that we measure. The limits of the values are not clear, so that can be compared only if the value is higher, the same or lower than the others but we can’t say how much different interval between the values. Examples : 1. The T-shirt size : S – Small M – MediumL – Large 2. The scale of frequency : 1- Always 2- Often 3- Rarely 4- Occasional 5- Never C. Pair Wise Comparison Pair wise comparison generally refers to any process of comparing entities in pairs to judge which of each entity is preferred, or has a greater amount of some quantitative property. The method of pair wise comparison is used in the scientific stud y of preferences, attitudes, voting systems, social choice, public choice, and multi agent AI systems. (Wikipedia) Example : Choosing to buy a motorcycle with criteria as follows : * Price * Economical * Design Weight for each criteria : * Price three times more important than design Price is two times more important than economical * Economical one-half times more important than design Pair wise comparison matrix : Criteria| Price| Economical| Design| Priority Vector| Price| 1| 2| 3| 0. 5455| Economical| 0. 5| 1| 1. 5| 0,2727| Design| 0. 333| 0. 667| 1| 0,1818| Total| 1. 833| 3,667| 5. 5| 1| Based on weight of each criteria, price is the most important, economical is the second important and design is the least important. D. Nominal Evaluation Nominal evaluation classified the criteria but with no relative meaning. Each criteria not represented which one is better or bigger, only categorized it ased on identification and fact of the object. Examples : 1. Number of DKI Jakarta citiz en based on religion (2005) : Religion : Islam, Christian, Catholic, Hindu, Buddha Province| Islam| Christian| Catholic| Hindu| Buddha| Total| DKI Jakarta| 7,157,182| 501,168| 336,514| 28,508| 313,217| 8,336,589| 2. Evaluate the number of people based on marriage status : 1 – Married 2 – Single 3. Blood type classification : A, B , O or AB 4. Ethnic group classification : Javanese, Sundanese, or Betawi 5. Classification of part based on color : red, blue, yellow, green, etc

Zinn, A Peoples History of the U.S. essays

Zinn, A Peoples History of the U.S. essays The significance of Columbus, to Zinn, would be the stand point of how his story of discovery has been told. The story of Columbus has been told and taught from the stance of Columbus and Spain. It has been used to describe how the Americas were discovered and what a great accomplishment that was. Zinn, however, does not see the story of Columbus discovery in that fashion. In fact, he does not see it that way at all. He signifies the story, as a majority of people know it, as just one of the many in our history that have been embellished and or told from the point of view of leaders, and all others who may get something more out of revealing information a certain way. The traditional story of Columbus demonstrates what is wrong with the way history is usually written. It does this by using only certain facts and possibly naming only few of many people involved. Traditionally we learn history by reading what has been written and then passed down through many resources, which can be very one sided. Zinn would most likely write these teachings differently by divulging more facts. This includes treacheries that were occurring at the same time that discoveries were being made. From reading what Zinn wrote about Columbus, I understand that he would tell the story of Columbus from the point of view of the Arawaks (the Indians). He would do this not only because it has not been the traditional way to tell this story, but to give a different outlook to what had actually happened. This would be a way of teaching people about how all involved have been effected by decisions and conquers that were made, specifically Columbus discovery. Zinn prefers to tell of the cruelties of victims because he wants to reach out to people and let them make their own decisions about history and who was right or wrong. He seems to want people to realize the whole picture of this story, all people involv...

Wjorld War II essays

Wjorld War II essays When war broke out, there was no way the world could possibly know the severity of this guerre. Fortunately one country saw and understood that Germany and its allies would have to be stopped. Americas Involvement in World War II not only contributed in the eventual downfall of the insane Adolph Hitler and his Third Reich, but also came at the precise time and moment. Had the United States entered the war any earlier the consequences might have been worse. Over the years it has been an often heated and debated issue on whether the United States could have entered the war sooner and thus have saved many lives. To try to understand this we must look both at the people and governments point of view. Just after war broke out in Europe, President Roosevelt hurriedly called his cabinet and military advisors together. There it was agreed that the United States stay neutral in these affairs. One of the reasons given was that unless America was directly threatened they had no reason to be involved. This reason was a valid one because it was the American policy to stay neutral in any affairs not having to do with them unless American soil was threatened directly. Thus the provisional neutrality act passed the senate by seventy-nine votes to two in 1935. On August 31, Roosevelt signed it into law. In 1936 the law was renewed, and in 1937 a "comprehensive and permanent" neutrality act was passed (Hart 142). The desire to avoid "foreign entanglements" of all kinds had been an American foreign policy for more than a century. A very real "geographical Isolation" permitted the United States to "fill up the empty lands of North America free from the threat of foreign conflict"(Hart 391). Even if Roosevelt had wanted to do more in this European crisis (which he did not), there was a factor too often ignored by critics of American policy-American military weakness. When asked to evaluate how ma...