Violence and Freedom- Exploring the Use of Violence to...

The role of violence in the liberation of peoples from systems of domination is necessarily entwined to the concept of freedom. Herbert Marcuse and Frantz Fanon argue that violence, in various forms, is the only reasonable rebuttal to the abhorrent system of subjugation, whether it is in shape of something as transparent as apartheid to thinly veiled laws that take away the rights of humans under the capitalist system. To even understand the relationship between freedom and violence it has to be established what it is even meant by the phrase â€Å"violence† while simultaneously attempting to understand what means are necessary to achieve this end. Furthermore, what does it mean to be â€Å"violent† and is it always acceptable to use violence as†¦show more content†¦Violence and freedom are inexorably linked because of this conflict between two groups wherein freedom is withheld utilizing violence as a means to uphold the status quo; it should be obvious the n that violence is the only retort to the use of force to deny freedom. The very act of denying freedom to those that seek it is a violent act therefore, according to Marcuse, violence against the oppressors is justifiable because it is merely â€Å"counterviolence† (â€Å"Ethics and Revolution† 137). Here, Marcuse also examines the historical role of violence in bringing about dramatic change, positing that there are numerous historical â€Å"situations in which violence becomes the necessary and essential element to progress† (â€Å"Ethics and Revolution† 137). It can be seen, historically speaking, that the liberation of peoples does not come without a violent struggle between two or more groups. Marcuse’s stance is almost solely based on the examination of historical revolutions, providing himself and his readers with ample evidence that emancipation only occurs violently. This is not to say that change can only happen with the utilization of bloodshed but that revolutionary change can only occur in such a manor. Radical change requires the reconstruction of an existing system therefore implying that destruction, a necessarily violentShow MoreRelatedNstp Handouts13038 Words   |  53 Pagescontinually re-chosen as a person matures. As a person grows, he/she is continually choosing values and fashioning his/her hierarchy of values. Looking at the problems being faced by every Filipino at this point, one can surmise that oppression, violence, greed, exploitation, environmental degradation and corruption are by-products of a decrepit and twisted value system. As Filipinos, we should realize that if we want to see a better Philippines, we should break this culture of corruption and oppressionRead MoreHow Fa Has the Use of English Language Enriched or Disrupted Life and Culture in Mauritius15928 Words   |  64 Pageslost a valued friend, and was likely dealing with this conflict herself. At the start of the poem, she uses the word â€Å"Immortality,† which would likely imply that there is an afterlife, and the spirit of her friend is living on there. However, the fifth stanza of the poem describes a house buried in the ground, one that is certainly inaccessible to anyone trying to enter. In the next stanza, she uses â€Å"Eternity† instead of â€Å"Immortality.† Combined with the buried house, this word choice has a very differentRead MoreRastafarian79520 Words   |  319 Pagesblack consciousness that has been part of the Jamaican experience for years. The truth is that there has always been a committed Jamaican counter- culture that celebrates and sees redemption in Africa and rejects the European values that have oppressed a society. But prior to the advent of popular culture and especially the music recording business in the late twentieth century, its apparatus of cultural formation was controlled fully by the elite who, to a large extent, ran the educational Read MoreOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pagesfor getting to grips with the field of organization theory. Dr Martin Brigham, Lancaster University, UK McAuley et al. provide a highly readable account of ideas, perspectives and practices of organization. By thoroughly explaining, analyzing and exploring organization theory the book increases the understanding of a field that in recent years has become ever more fragmented. Organization theory is central to managing, organizing and reflecting on both formal and informal structures, and in this respect

Annotated Bibliography On Online Pharmacy - 988 Words

Topic: Online Pharmacy Aim: This report offers a comparative analysis of the domain naming and registration systems to assist a client for choosing URL (Uniform Resource Locator) of an online pharmacy in Australia. Global trends and international perspectives of domain name registration systems has been considered in this project and the dynamics in the respective domain name systems. The research project explores the benefits and difficulties of the restrictive domain name registration system and the addressing issues of several URLs comparing with other websites. It also examines recent rules which allows for the sale of domain name licence in Australia. The main purpose of the website to sell medicine and medical products through†¦show more content†¦We ensure the trust between sellers and buyers. Initially, www.onlinemedshop.com has been selected to the particular client. The main reasons for picking this domain name are - It is short and easy to memorize. Sometimes people struggle to recall a long domain, even it consists with simple words. Also, it is hard to reminiscence a short URL with difficult words. The URL naming terms is related with the website. As it is an online shop, so online is very common term to everyone, whereas med depicts medicine. The URL is unique one, it has been checked by whois lookup. So, there is no copyright infringement. The simple and common terms are available in every search engine. If people type the keyword such as online pharmacy or med or shop in Google it will easily show up the website in the retrieved web list. It is also easy to type. Sometimes people do mistake to type a simple long domain name or a hard one. So, there is less possibility of making mistake when the terms are comfortable to all kind of customers. The terms sound good and it gives impression to the readers that they can get all details of medicines and buy their drugs through the website. There is no hyphen and numbers which causes the domain name verbally hard. However, there about twenty domain names are recommended in the Naming section which can guide the client to choose the best possible URL for their online pharmacy. All names are

American Beauty1 Essay Example For Students

American Beauty1 Essay The beauty that addresses itself to the eyes is only the spell of the moment; the eye of the body is not always that of the soul. George Sand hit the nail right on the head when he said this in 1872. Appearance versus reality has been a central theme in many American creative works including the film American Beauty. American Beauty is a film that delves into your typical, middle-class suburban American home and slowly uncovers all of the abnormalities that lie within. The family is portrayed as normal but as the films tag line suggests look closer then it is possible to fully understand the implications that takes place in this seemingly happy home. The film is masterfully directed by the famous theater director Sam Mendes and encompasses a great number of cinematic techniques that appear fresh and exciting. Critics have mentioned many of these techniques. However, they failed to notice the clever use of color used throughout the filmespecially the color red. Sam Mendes effectively uses the color red; as a central motif to accentuate mood and theme, to contrast families, and to reveal characters personalities and feelings. In American culture red is a color of various meanings and images. The color red is the essence of life; it is the color of blood. It can insinuate energy, vitality, passion, anger, power, excitement, and sacrifice. It is a grounding color. Red can stand for warmth, danger, love, sex, death, rage, lust, and beauty. Red is the color used for the womens clothing, the cars, the doors and also it is the color of Lesters blood splattered across the white table at the end of the movie. Red is the central motif of the film. Sam Mendes incorporated many of these meaning of red within the film American Beauty, Not only did Sam Mendes implant a motif of red, he also incorporated a motif of the red rose. Roses in American culture are the ultimate symbol of love, life and death. Flowers are a large part of the American culture. They have come to symboli ze compassion, caring and love. The beauty of roses are superceded with danger, for they have thorns that can prick. Roses epitomize beauty; perhaps that is why they chose the title American Beauty. The title American Beauty is a hodgepodge of symbolism; it encompasses a variety of meanings. For the viewer it can stand for the American beauty rose a rare and antique climbing rose much like the roses in the Burnham garden. It can also represent the American ideal of a woman such as Angela, the ideal American beauty with her long flowing blonde hair, her porcelain complexion and her ruby red lips and bright blue eyes. Another adaptation of the title is the beauty of a perfect American home much like the Burnhams home appears to be. But all have flaws, the rose has thorns to prick, Angela has her fear of being ordinary and the Burnhams home, well it too is cursed with the reality that they are a dysfunctional family. Red roses become not only a motif in the film; they come to represent symbols. They are prevalent in almost every scene. They are in the garden; almost every room in the house has a bouquet of brightly colored roses in a vase. They are the centerpieces to the dining room table. This table becomes a motif in the film as well, the family has its nightly dinner ritual and over the course of the movie we see a delineation of the family at this table. Rose petals are the symbol of sex as well, they are seen surrounding Angela for Lester, they burst out of her blouse, they pop out of his mouth after he fantasizes of kissing her and they fall from the ceiling onto his face when he pictures her above his bed. The front door to the house becomes a motif as well, with constant references from neighbors about the house with the red door. As if the door is a gateway to the oddities lurking inside the house. Within the house Mendes restricted the colors to a monochromatic blue-gray scheme to emph asize the isolation between the Burnhams. Lester escapes from this cold and lonely house by creating a domain for himself, it is framed in golden browns, and this separates him even further from the blue-gray existence he had been living.To carry further the theme that the Burnhams happy home is just a front for what lies deep inside. Sam Mendes juxtaposes the Burnhams house with the neighbors homes. The bright, almost artificial colors of Burnhams house are quite a contrast against the Fitts which is very bland and regimented; inside it is almost Amish looking. It is completely void of plant life and aethstetics typically associated with homes. They have limited furniture and dcor, and the furniture that is present is plain, straight lined dark and wooden. The lighting is dim and the prevalent color throughout the home is white or cream. The Fritts family is one of distances. Mendes makes a point by surrounding them in bland, melancholy colors and spacing them at length from one an other. The family is clad in black and white throughout most of the film to externalize the loneliness and isolation between themselves and society. The other neighbors present appear at first to be the most abnormal of the bunch. They are Jim and Jim, two very successful men living together as partners. They are always bright and cheery dressed in primary colors and portrayed as happy and full of life. The irony is that they are most normal characters in the entire film.Color is used not only to show juxtapositions in neighborhoods, but to bring out the characters as well. .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda , .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda .postImageUrl , .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda , .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda:hover , .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda:visited , .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda:active { border:0!important; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda:active , .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u0478db491162020da5255cce4450fcda:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Crazy Eddie EssaySam Mendes captures the essence of each character with color. At first we see Lester in cool desaturated colors to suggest a lack of energy and a drained life. As the film continues and Lester goes through a rebirth we see him develop a brighter outlook on life and the color of his garments go through a rebirth as well, at first he turns to yellow, then green and eventually he adopts red. He wears a red tank top, acquires a red car and pursues a job wearing a red and white uniform. Mendes uses this color transformation to show that Lester has remembered the things he wanted. He suddenly realizes what is lacking in his life and red clothing gives him a sens e of power and control over his life. What started this change was when he first saw Angela. She represents the ultimate sign of American beauty; she is adorned with red throughout the movie. She emanates sex and passion. Throughout the film she wears fire engine red lipstick, she wears brightly colored clothing and she is seen to Lester as surrounded by red rose petals, he has visions of her soaking in a bath tub of rose petals. Red is the dominant color of nail polish and lipstick for all the central females in the film including Caroline. Caroline Burnham goes through a transformation as well she outwardly appears isolated and controlling but underneath she yearns for passion and power. Mendes ingeniously shows this in the beginning of the film when Caroline undresses to clean a house and underneath her drab yellow suit is a crimson red camisole. While she cleans the dark and shadowy house she is backlit with brightly colored walls. She has a private breakdown and covers her sobb ing face with those powerful, sexy red nails to mask her uncharacteristic behavior. Carolyn attempts to fill her loneliness up with having the right things. The right car, the right house and even the right garden, but she doesnt see the big picture. She does transform, much like Lester into a more secure and grounded person. This is most apparent in the last sequence of the film when she is wearing a very sexy red velvet dress. She has become assertive and is ready to finally connect with Lester, even though she is too late. Early on it becomes obvious that she is obsessed with her image of success, and this is why she envies Buddy Kane so fervently. Buddy Kane the king of real estate is her competitor and the ideal figure of success, he has a bright red sign mounted in the yards of his homes to advertise himself. The sign represents his power and hints at his sexual appeal to Caroline. Jane and Ricky are important too, they are the more grounded of the characters, they are both pr esented in neutral colors throughout most of the film. They represent balance and neutrality in the movie. Rickys parents are not so neutral; they are dressed in pale, washed out colors to show their lack of vitality. Especially Mrs. Fritts, she plays a minor role in the movie and that is precisely the point Sam Mendes makes. She is seen as a minor role in the family. She is usually wearing a long white nightgown and appears almost as a ghost in the picture, t her family, she barely exists. American Beauty is a fantastic film that encourages viewers to look closer.Sam Mendes directed a film about American Beauty and foolish things that Americans do to keep up with appearances. He is urging us to find beauty in our lives, and to forget about having the perfect garden and home. He effectively uses the color red; as a central motif to accentuate mood and theme, to contrast families, and to reveal characters personalities and feelings. Mere colour, unspoiled by meaning, and unallied with definite form, can speak to the soul in a thousand different ways.Oscar WildeBibliography:Not needed

Task Sheet 2 Essay Example

Task Sheet 2 Essay Market research is used by businesses to find out the needs their customers have and the way they can improve their service or product so that it suits the needs of the customers. There are many ways to do this firstly there is something called primary research that is when the company it self sends out people to ask the general public questions to see how their service can be improved and what changes need to be made in what area. This is done in a number of ways such as the form of a questionnaire a one on one session. How ever before the company can actually go out and get first hand information the company decides what kind of questions they are going to ask if it is a questionnaire for example. They call this a sample this means it has a specific area that the company wants to target and that is the way the questionnaire will be formatted according to the sample in mind. There is also another way of market research this type is called secondary research this is a more simple and easier way to get information it is also cheaper as in secondary research companies take research already done by others and use that data to help them improve services based on the information they get from third parties this is also a cheaper way to research than primary research. We will write a custom essay sample on Task Sheet 2 specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Task Sheet 2 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Task Sheet 2 specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer There is an extensive range of ways to obtain the information Errol wants. There are two methods which can be used in market research; primary and secondary research. Both methods involve many different ways of gathering information each meeting a different objective of market research for example the internet might find out about competition while surveys might find out about customers. Primary Research Primary research is defined as the research where information is collected first hand or directly. It is also known as field research as it normally involves going out in the field and finding information. Primary Research Before Errol Anderson Motors or any other company decides to carry out primary research they need to decide on the type of sample and the sample size of the population they will be taking to research. They need to find a sample size as investigating within the whole population would take too long and cost too much especially to Errol who doesnt have that kind of large capital at his dispense. The two types of sampling used in business are random and quota sampling. To randomly select a sample Errol will need to obtain a list of the local population and pick out for example every 100th name and interview the chosen names. This costs money and takes time and Errol has neither this is why he should go with Quota sampling which is cheaper and easier to complete. To do quota sampling Errol will have to pick a criteria i.e. age 18-40 and interview both genders equally as many times as he wants to. An example is picking an age of 20-40 and interviewing 200 males and 200 females fitting the criteria. This can be more useful than random sampling as Errol will get to pick the particular criteria he wants to investigate which would be car owners. Surveys; Surveys are normally found in a questionnaire form. They are lists of questions designed to find out thoughts of potential customers. As technology increases so does the amount of ways questionnaires can be created and dispersed. They can be handed out on the street or by post even over the phone. Questionnaires along with other primary research methods use two types of questions which are: * Closed questions which feature pre set options and allow people to tick or circle options they want. Points for this include the fact more people are willing to answer these questions as they are short and they are easy and there quick to interpret which is a big plus for Errol. However people might not agree with any of the options available and people cant give opinions. * Open questions which feature questions which people answer in their own words giving their own opinion. This is good as Errol will be able to find out about peoples feelings as they express opinions but every answer is different meaning it will take much longer to put in graphs and interpret. Errol will need to analyse the data he collects and put them on tables and create graphs where he can then find out what he set out to find. Surveys can be most useful when finding out about collecting information about potential customers as you will be able to receive personal feedback from them. Interviews; Interviews can be used differently to surveys as they can find out what the customers felt about the product and in Errols case the service. They will feature prepared and mostly open questions to get the interviewees full opinion. Focus Groups; Focus groups are like interviews but feature groups instead of interviewing individuals. This will help Errol receive feedback about his service. Consumer panels; Consumer panels are used over a time period where consumers give their view of a product over time. Like focus groups it helps receive a feedback about the good or service. Observation; This is where customers are observed to see what promotions attract them this can help Errol see how people react to his adverts as well as what products they like. Product sampling; this is where customers get a sample of the product or service and have to feed back on it. This helps businesses see customers wants and needs. Secondary Research Techniques There are 2 types of secondary research; Internal; meaning secondary resources available to Errol only and External; meaning secondary sources publicly available for people to look at. The internet: puts information on every item or service available. Research can be conducted with minimal costs and enough information can be acquired easily. Information from all around the world is included on the web; therefore this method is very informative and effective if you know what you are looking for. Articles: Special reports in newspapers such as the Financial Times. (A newspaper more to do with businesses-stock market-trade) Businesses could gain information about competition and different trends by looking at these kinds of sources. With the information they collect, businesses adjust/develop products and services to meet the high standards of customers. *I am now going to explain the benefits and drawbacks of what method I think Errol should use if he wishes to go ahead with secondary research, (internet.) Internet If Errol is considering using secondary research I would advise him to use the internet. He can easily find out about his potential customers needs and want and he can observe the competition round him. Using the internet is time consuming but it hardly costs and that is a benefit for Errol. The overall benefits of the Internet are; always free and there to use, no restrictions on when you can and cannot use it. It is also cost-effective and generally easy to use. The overall drawbacks of the internet are; some information on there can be out of date therefore no use to you and wasted your time. There is also a wide range of information on the web and it is not very specific, it would take you a long time to find out what you particularly want. (Competition within your local area-Harrow) Questionnaires: Advantages: Using questionnaires will give Errol many advantages. Errol can decide what questions he would like to ask the participants and therefore he can include these questions in it. This is an advantage as he can ask questions which are directly related to the type of business he is going to start. This will be more beneficial for Errol as he can think of questions which will help him with his research rather than, if he never chose what questions to ask the questionnaire might not be helpful for him as the questions wont be related to anything to do with his business. Using questionnaires will also help Errol with using the market research to aid him in starting his business. It will be easier for Errol to analyse the answers and the type of response he gets from the questionnaires. Questionnaires are one of the easiest types of surveys to analyse; especially if you use closed questions as this limits the type of answer the participant gives you. This brings me on to my next point which is that Errol doesnt have to choose different questions to ask each individual; everyone is asked the same question so Errol wont have to think of different question for each questionnaire he makes. Lastly, another advantage for Errol with using questionnaires is that if the participant is used to face to face or over the phone, the two way communication help to make sure the respondent understands the questions fully. Disadvantages: However, as well as advantages there are also the same amount of disadvantages with using questionnaires. Firstly, the questions that Errol decides to include, may be brief and impersonal and may not be related to the purpose of making questionnaires (market research). Therefore, Errol will have to think carefully to ask the correct type of questions, otherwise he will be at a financial lost as he will have wasted money on producing questionnaires which are in no way related to his objective of finding out about his market and competition. Secondly, Errol may not get back a full 100% response as there is a low return rate for postal and newspaper questionnaires. There are 2 possible reasons as to why this is. Firstly the participant may not bother at all to fill out the questionnaire or might not even look at it thinking it is junk mail and put it in the bin. Secondly, the participants may fill out the questionnaire; however they may forget to post it back to Errol. A third disadvantage of using questionnaires is the fact that it is quite time consuming as well as expensive. Errol needs to be sure he has asked the most appropriate and on targeted questions in the questionnaire so at the end of the day all the money and time used, pays of and was not simply just a waste of time. Lastly, Errol should choose exactly which type of questions he will include in his questionnaires. He needs to decide whether theyre going to be open questions, closed questions or perhaps a mixture of both. Moreover, the last possible disadvantage of using questionnaires comes in if Errol decides to use closed questions. Errol will be at a disadvantage at this point because closed questions do not really allow or give people the opportunity to express their own opinions. Therefore this may not be helpful for Errol when he has to look back through the questionnaires for feedback. Interviewing: Advantages There are fairly lot advantages of interviewing. The first advantage is that the interviewer can help the interviewee, (in this case Errol can help the participant), to understand the questions and also gives Errol the chance of explaining the questions in depth, also uncovering the purpose, giving the participant the chance to answer the questions to the best of their ability. Views and opinions can also be easily expressed through interviews; whether theyre open or either closed questions. Therefore Errol can get more positive and informative feed back form the participants to help him with his market research. The last advantage of using interviews is that the responses Errol will get more detailed responses which will, again, help him with his market research. Disadvantages: The disadvantages of interviews are that interviews are costly and furthermore extremely time consuming, as Errol will have to go to each individual participant and interview them and it will take time to interview each participant and there is no idea of how long itll take. Secondly, interviews are very difficult to analyse as Errol will get different responses from each participant. Also, not to mention, that this will take up a lot of Errols time; therefore this factor will also make it time consuming. Lastly Errol may not be given an honest opinion or answers to his questionnaire. This is because the participant may be intimidated by the fact that the person (Errol) is right in front of them and therefore may not their honest thoughts and answers. Focus Groups: Advantages: Focus groups have far less advantages than interviewing as well as questionnaires. The first advantage of using focus groups as part of market research is that they are a relatively cheap way of gaining the views of customers. This way Errol will not have to spend too much money for doing his market research as this is not as costly as the other methods and he will also be able to get a moderate detailed and amount of response. The second advantage of using focus groups is that customers are more likely to respond to this than a postal questionnaire. This will be beneficial for Errol as he will be guaranteed a response from the participants which will help him with his market research. Disadvantages: However, there are more disadvantages than advantages for using focus groups. The first disadvantage of using focus groups is customers/participants may have their opinions changed by other members of the group as they can be influenced by other group members. This will not be good for Errols market research as he will not be getting a definitive or honest opinion from many customers/participants; so he will not know if their opinions are their own or what the majority think. Also, it may be difficult for Errol to find people who are prepared to give up time for a focus group session. This may take time for Errol to find a group of people. Lastly, the opinions and response that Errol gets will only be a small number of customers and may not reflect and represent the views of the majority of customers, and therefore it may be a bit of a gamble. Observation: Advantages: There are only two possible advantages for using observation as part of Errols market research. The first benefit for Errol is that a larger number of people can be analysed as Errol can observe as many people he wishes. And secondly, observation is an extremely cheap method of market research. It will not cost Errol far as much as it will to use other methods of market research. Disadvantages: There is only one main disadvantage of using observation which is, it only gives customer reactions and not the reasons for those reactions. Therefore Errol may be at a loss and may be confused or puzzled as to why the customers have made a specific decision as he will not know the reason. Secondary Methods: Advantages of Secondary Research: The advantages of using secondary methods of research are, firstly, it is often Obtained without cost so it is cheaper than primary research. This will be very beneficial towards Errol as itll mean he will be saving money which he can then spend on other factors to help him in starting up his business. The second advantage of using secondary methods is that it is usually instantly available. This means that Errol will not have to spend too much time in obtaining and collecting the information and can get straight on to analysing the information and responses. Errol has to take in account many issues when choosing which market research technique is best suited to him and his needs. The market research technique most useful to Errol could be Surveys. Surveys are probably the most useful to Errol as they will allow him to answer all his questions on market research as other techniques might only result in him finding out about one sector of market research for example product sampling could look at the service for sale but couldnt establish anything about the state of the market or competition Errol will face. When designing his survey he can make sure he asks questions which will get the information Errol is looking for. This might not always work as people would give opinions not facts. The internet would be useful for finding facts as would most secondary research methods. Socially Errol will have to worry about designing the questionnaire to make sure it doesnt offend any body and when handing out face to face surveys Errol might not get true opinions as the people might become nervous and tell Errol what he wants to hear not what they feel. A way around this problem is to ask people to post the surveys back so they are anonymous however this will take away one major advantage of surveys which is the fact if someone doesnt understand a question they could be helped. Another problem derived from this is there is a low postal return rate for surveys as people are not gaining anything by posting surveys back. Errol could give gifts to people who return them but as he doesnt have much money he wouldnt be able to afford that; he could offer a raffle where every one who sends the survey back is entered this is a cheaper way to boost replies. Financially handing out surveys will cost Errol a lot and it will take up a lot of time to analyse. This is the biggest drawbacks of surveys as there are very few things that can be done to minimize costs and save time. Some things that can help include using ICT to process the information shortening the time taken and to cut costs Errol could send his questioners through e-mail and hand them out on the street instead of using the phone or newspaper as these cost more money. Surveys are also normally brief and impersonal but the way around this would be to add more open questions however this would then put people of completing the survey. Errol could improve his survey by using a variation of closed and open questions to get developed opinions from the open questions while still keeping peoples attention and making it easier to analyse from closed questions. To conclude Errol has many types of marketing research available to him giving him a lot of information which will greatly help him and his business. To maximize its use Errol should use both primary and secondary research techniques improving the techniques to tailor his needs and limitations. Surveys would help answer his questions but will cost him money and will take up time while internet might not be able to answer his specific questions but will not take up as much money and time. If Errol uses both techniques he can get a range of information allowing him to achieve his market research objectives relatively quickly while not using up a lot of money.

A Nightmare on Elm Street Rhetorical Analysis Essay Example

A Nightmare on Elm Street Rhetorical Analysis Essay A quote by John Lennon reads, â€Å"I believe in everything until its disproved. So I believe in fairies, the myths, dragons. It all exists, even if its in your mind. Whos to say that dreams and nightmares arent as real as the here and now?† In Wes Craven’s 1984 horror film, A Nightmare on Elm Street, nightmares do come true for the kids on Elm Street. This film panicked the nation and sent viewers into a fear of sleep. However, what lured the audience in to watch the movie was the two-minute-long trailer which used ethos by credibility, logos by logical order, and pathos by creating fear to persuade the viewer to head to theaters for the premier. The trailer begins with two young girls jumping rope, next to a narrator’s voice claims, â€Å"The kids of Elm Street don’t know it yet, but something is coming to get them.† During this statement, there is an image of a girl sleeping and something reaching through the wall paper behind her to â€Å"come get her.† The trailer then jumps into an odd murder scene where a blonde teen is being tossed around mid-air and ripped apart by an invisible killer while her assumed boyfriend cowers in the corner, terrified. The murder was so gruesome a cop explains that the coroner is â€Å"in the John puking since he saw her.† Next, we find another Elm street kid (that we later discover is Nancy, the main character) asking the victim’s boyfriend if he had killed her, but he claims it to be the fault of someone else, someone unknown. The police assume it was, in fact, the victim’s boyfriend that murdered her, in the next scene we see a cop saying, â€Å"He was locked in a room with a girl that went in alive and came out in a rubber bag.† We are then visually introduced to the assumed killer. It walks through jail cell bars, has knife-like claws, jumps through mirrors, almost drowns Nancy, and drags her boyfriend through his mattress right before she demands him, â€Å"don’t fall asleep.† The nar We will write a custom essay sample on A Nightmare on Elm Street Rhetorical Analysis specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Nightmare on Elm Street Rhetorical Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Nightmare on Elm Street Rhetorical Analysis specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

FRIARS essays

FRIARS essays Lawrence's works details how the mendicant orders arose before and during the thirteenth century. Europe supported the establishment of the church, implemented change and reform leading to heresy and separation. Lawrence regards the "revolutionary situation" (page 225), as one resulting partly by the growth of towns and the general population. Due to social changes within medieval Europe itself it sought control and threatened the stability of the Church and of the religious beliefs of the people. In a way, the rise of the mendicant orders at this time is an answer to the problems in this situation. Mendicant orders are seen by Lawrence as "a revolutionary answer to a potentially revolutionary situation" (page 225) because of the long-term effect to help preserve the church hierarchy. This sometimes was in conflict and even become partly incorporated into that hierarchy themselves. Although, to some extent the mendicant orders were innovative, they cannot be seen as itself revolutionary. In order to be considered revolutionary, they would have had to overthrow the previous church order and perhaps replacing it with a new one. But mendicant order did nothing of the sort. The establishment of monasteries and schools allowed them to later become part of the Catholic Church, government system. The Friars were well trained in theology and pastoral skills which is why they were chosen by the papacy to completely destroy the religious beliefs that opposed the orthodox views (page 188). At this time religion in the West was a relatively new concept. The friars are noted to have had some importance in the Inquisition: "suppressing the heresy" (Webster's New World Dictionary, 249). "Developing... out of... measures... to combat the dualist heresies... rampant in France and in northern and central Italy by the middle of the twelfth century." (Page 189). Here the Church used its various means to combat the Cathars and others ...

Personal Brand Building and Networking Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Personal Brand Building and Networking - Essay Example The author presents several core steps towards the development and control of a personal brand. Foremost, the author explicates that it is imperative for any individual, willing to create an appealing personal brand, to familiarize themselves with search engines to confirm whether the results that emerge prove a unique identity. The author of this article takes a technical stance when giving examples of useful tools used for cleaning up an individual’s web presence. This is to ensure that the emergent information that does not appeal to the individual disappears for new branding. Creating a reputation with handy tools online is the author’s next point. A personal website falls into this category. It is necessary to further claim personal web profiles and individual URL addresses on all, social interactive sites (Royse). Being active in networking is imperative for gradually creating a personal brand. Next, purchasing a unique domain is pertinent because the ownership av ails an opportunity to customize a person’s profile. Failure to secure a domain name leaves reputation in the possession of unknown parties, which may destroy a personal brand. Google Alerts aids in monitoring the individual’s website. The next useful step is creating a blog where sharing of individual perspectives and personal brands is easy. Blogs help in expanding personal networks beyond borders because it reaches many people, portraying expertise in various topics. Posting material that is helpful to counterparts and the entire world depicts social responsibility and progressive leadership qualities. The author stresses that personal brands, like company brands, deteriorate with time. A feedback loop is a channel through which an individual can obtain support, advice, and counsel from colleagues, family, and mentors (Royse). It enhances constant rejuvenation on an individual and establishes a tacit and unique personal brand. Personal Branding Wailen-Daugenti, in h er article, affirms that companies promote their brands to augment social awareness, visibility, popularity, and sales by giving instances of Apple and Nike companies that invest immensely in brand promotion. According to Daugenti, a personal brand offers individuals a chance to promote and highlight their careers. She points out that personal brand is pertinent because numerous recruiters use search software to perform track checks on their job candidates (Wilen-Daugenti). Social networking provides a diverse branding platform. She gives examples of how social networking hubs such as Twitter, Facebook, and Youtube have large numbers of subscribers. Personal brands depict how qualified an individual is to their potential customers, employers and recruiters. It is important to appreciate admirable brands of people that have succeeded in leadership and profession. People willing to establish their unique brands should network and interact with other people who can rate their brand (Wi len-Daugenti). Building a personal brand begins with listing skills, talents, accomplishments, goals, and individual traits that may be of use when perfective a personal brand. The author recommends the virtue of evaluating the brand periodically.  

Wk3multicult Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Wk3multicult - Essay Example In the therapeutic situation, it would be a good idea to do a thorough interview and ask questions about their cultural ideas. A counselor can do this if they are sensitive to the issues. One of the largest differences between the APA and ACA guidelines for multicultural populations is the size of their documents; the APA guidelines were 103 pages while the ACA guidelines were only 3 pages. I think the difference was because the ACA seemed to need to break down each of their guidelines into several steps which meant a lot of documentation. The ACA guidelines were more succinct and gave an easier read. Another difference is that the ACA guidelines are broken down into three basic areas: Counselor awareness of their own cultural values and beliefs, counselor awareness of the clients worldview and culturally appropriate intervention strategies. The APA has five guidelines that are basically the same as the ACA guidelines. Both guidelines encourage practitioners to become aware of their own values and cultural biases. They both also explain that practitioners should have sensitivity to multicultural issues and to people. ACA guidelines emphasize education while APA guidelines research. In each case they are encouraging their practitioners to go be mindful of the "importance of multicultural sensitivity/responsiveness, knowledge and understanding" (APA guideline #2) when they are working with diverse groups. ACA guidelines are more specific to individual counselors. As an example, they suggest that culturally skilled counselors have an understanding of how "race, culture, ethnicity and so forth may affect personality formation†¦" (ACA Guidelines, B2). This seems to speak to a smaller group of practitioners than the APA guidelines do. These guidelines also suggest that psychologists are not only psychologists, but they are also educators and this means that they should teach multiculturalism in their education of others. The APA guidelines seemed

Does God Have a Future Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Does God Have a Future - Essay Example Because by definition this is impossible many philosophers have relegated God to the dead letter box. But God is simply the belief that we each hold that defines the difference between right and wrong, and good and evil. It doesn't necessarily take a 'man in the sky' viewpoint to hold a belief in God or religion. Science changes its explanations and theories with time and so does God. This is not a dead God; it is a living and growing God. Armstrong contends that a "committed atheism can be more religious than a weary or inadequate theism". She points out that any explanation for God is either absurd or tyrannical. However, she uses the most extreme and lame versions of religion to cast her judgments. The living and evolving God is not left behind as a worn out concept, unable to keep up with science and technology. In fact, this is exactly why people are returning to God. We face challenges in our modern world that can't be confronted simply on logical or scientific terms. The decisions that we make need to resonate with the belief that there is a lasting good to come from them. This comes by being rooted in the 'passionate theism' that guides us. God may be a new and improved version of the previous over-ruling tormentor and keeper of the gates of hell.

Analysis of the Organic Food Industry in Malaysia

Analysis of the Organic Food Industry in Malaysia Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction Today, with the advancement of science and technology, humans have more exposure to information technology, knowledge and education than ever before. As a result, people become more aware and sensitive to the environment and their surroundings. A quality and healthy lifestyle have becomes a kind of necessity to the modern generation. Among others, Organic Food is recognized to be one of the contributors to a healthy lifestyle. Almost every day, you can read or see Organic topic everywhere around you. From newspaper, magazine, billboard advertisement, internet and etc, Organic has slowly becomes a trend to the modern society. However, a few issues have been identified in the Organic Industry in Malaysia. These factors have a strong role in influencing the purchasing and consuming of Organic Food in Malaysia. Therefore, it is important to identified and understand every factor of influence that affect the purchasing and consuming of organic food in Malaysia as all this factors will affect the entire industry from farmer, retailer, produces and even the consumers. 1.2 Background of Study 1.2.1 What is organic food Based on United State, European, and international definitions, organic food is define as without using any material substance in the food itself, but instead by the holistic methods used on organic farms. According to Gracia and Magistris (2007), the intention of organic production is to eliminate chemical used on the food production in order to promote healthier and safety food. Moreover, organic food also means that it is not cultivated using chemical-derived pesticides fertilizers and herbicides. As an alternative, the process of planting and farming the organic food are by using holistic methods such as compost, crop rotation, and biological agents over a natural period of time. According to National Organic Standard Board of the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) in year 2000, they established a national standard for the term organic. Organic food, it is defined by how it cannot be made rather by how it can be made, which must be produced without the used of sewer-sludge fert ilizers, most synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides, genetic engineering(biotechnology), growth hormones, irradiations and antibiotics (TheStar, 2005). From the individuals point of view, organic means it is grown in a natural environment without any chemical, antibiotics, genetic engineering, and any synthetic products or in simple way, organic mean natural or go back to the traditional way of modes of agricultural. As an overview, the developments of organic food always work in cooperation with nature environment. Normally peoples definition of organic food maybe was just vegetables and fruits, but actually plenty of foods category like meats, eggs, livestock, dairy products and many more are also conclude as organic food. This issues supported by the research conducted by Padel and Foster (2005) where respondents only associate organic term with vegetable and fruit. Generally, organic food includes plenty of categories which include vegetables, fruits, bread, meat, eggs, coffee, juice, rice, tea, potatoes and etc. Other than that, organic food like egg, meat must be free of all kinds of antibiotics or growth naturally in a clean environment. To sum up, organic food is more environmental friendly since it does not create any pollution and waste to the earth. Besides, they give a tremendous opportunity to human being which led to healthy lifestyle and provide a better environment. Organic consumers carry a meaning of who are not only prefer an improved and healthier lifestyle but also environmental exportation and responsible to take care of the nature (Midmore et al, 2005). In addition, it also brings advantage to whole economy by increase business activities, trade, production and consumption. 1.2.2 The fact of organic The rise of demanding organic food and healthy lifestyle in both developed and developing country is not just a passing fad. The popularity of consuming organic food is now in an increasing manner in all over the world where it also includes Malaysia. Increased consumers concern and care regarding food safety and quality as well as health and nutritional aspect of food resulted in increased demand toward organically produced food. Such trend is a kind of reaction to numerous health affair related to processed food (Davies et al, 1995). Refer to the press release post by Nestlà © Malaysia in year 2008, it shows that organic growth reached 8.9% including 3.4% of real internal growth. In Europe, organic growth of Nestlà ©s total Food and Beverages business is about 5.4% and the growth rate is presented around 9.5% in United State and Asia, Oceania and Africa is at the rate of 14.2%. Functional food such as health supplements and organic food was projected reach RM234bil (US$65bil) in 2003 at global market place. It is estimated reach RM601bil (US$167bil) in 2010 by has the growth rate of 14% annually. According Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA), in the year of 2001 the sale for organic food has achieved USD 8 billion world wide. The sale value of organic food is estimated to have growth rate at 20-30% by year 2005. The organization stated that if compared with others agricultural products, organic food has high potential for commercialization in Malaysia. Demand for healthy, environmental friendly processed food, minimally chemical used fresh food, organic food and natural food are caused by increasing of consumer awareness in nutrition value and health conscious (Malaysia Industrial Development Authority, MIDA, 2009). Malaysian start to increase their demand since they believe that consuming organic food is one of the best ways that led to a healthy lifestyle and they view this as a worthy investment for their heath. The concern of consumers toward food safety, quality and the environment give an opportunity to the organic industry and become more valuable for produ cers and retailers. As a part from that, it also activates the organic agriculture sector in Malaysia. The rises of consumers awareness of healthy lifestyle along with environment free of pollution have created a wonderful opportunity and market for organic food. However, it is hard for producer or businessman to manage the right products at a right time, right price and still right place with attractive promotion since the changes of consumer behaviour was so unstable due to various kind of reason, so it is very complicate to fix or to define how the consumer behave. Consumer behaviour carries the meaning of activities people undertake when obtaining, consuming and disposing of products and services (Kozak, and Decrop, 2009). As a result, study and understanding the consumer behaviour and willingness of consumers to pay for organic food is a vital knowledge for marketers, producers and businessman. There is a behavioural model proposed by Von Alvesleben (1997) address that product information, product perception and attitudes are the main factors that drive consumer behaviour. When w e believe that an object or brand possess favorable attributes or have good feeling then we will have good attitudes toward it. As we all know, when consumer attitudes are more desirable, the intention to purchase is stronger. In this research, it is more focus on consumer preferences and their willingness to pay when they wish to obtain organic food. The result can help marketers and policy makers develop strategies to reach customers more effectively and efficiently. 1.2.3 Natural Food vs Organic food Most of the people are often confuse about the different between organic food and natural food. Moreover, people though organic food and natural food own the same attribute and tend to treat or mean both the same. In fact, there are certain features that distinguish organic food and natural food. Obviously, the main factor difference the two is organic food must be certified by United Stated Agricultural Department (USDA) and organic food possessed higher quality. We can notice that organic food have labelled organic and this label represent the products are considered as organic by USDA and get the stamp of approval from designed organization. Products which stamp by USDA or labelled with organic must contain at least 95percent organic. Organic food can either labelled by foreign certification which is USDA or certify by local organization which is Malaysia Organic Scheme (SOM). Products that labelled with SOM carry a meaning which is the process of production inspected by departments Crop Quality Control Division. The standard where SOM follow is Sirim MS 1529:2001 standards. The guideline applied to control whole process of organic food which includes production, processing, labelling and marketing of plant-based organically produced food and lastly, series number will be provided in order to ease the identification process (SOM). Previously, certification only offer for limited organic food such as vegetables, fruit and etc. In general, Malaysia organic aquaculture products were under the governance of Thailands Organic Aquaculture Farms and Products Certification Centre (OAPC). In order to enhance aquaculture industry in Malaysia, fisheries department provide organic scheme for organic aquaculture production. Additional, this action can minimize the cost of apply organic aquaculture certification from other country. Moreover, organic food always free of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, bioengineering or irradiation during produce, manufacture and handle (Annadana,2009). Besides, livestock must be free of growth hormones and antibiotics. On the others hand, there is not any specify standard for natural food and it is grown with pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers. Basically, natural food have minimal processing and do not contain refined sugar or artificial ingredients and without altering the raw product (Hermitt, 2006). 1.2.4 Consumer vs Customer Generally, most of the people have categorized both consumer and customer in the same category where it carry the meaning of purchase any products from sellers. Conversely, both of the words carry different meaning. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2006), consumer is the person who purchases any products for personal use or they call end user. Basically, consumer is the individual who had previously purchased or current users for particular product. On the other hand, the word customer carries different meaning in different perspective. In business market, customer is the individual or organization who purchase the product but not for own consumption. The products will become their inventory for further production or resell to end user (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). Customer can either is a current user or only a potential customer for the product (Wikipedia). 1.2.5 Organic industry in Malaysia Since 1990s organic market has grown in a favorable beat. Thus, sale of organic food and products are forecasted to be between USD 20 and USD 30 billion yearly. USA is the biggest organic market follow by Germany and United Kingdom. In certain country such as Denmark, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland have 4% share of organic food which exceed in the total food sales. On the other hand, organic market in developing countries is small but considers growing especially in upper income developing countries. Figure 1.3 shows the coverage of organic farm in different country in year 2005. Malaysia is located in Southeast Asia and consists of two mainlands which is Peninsular (west) Malaysia and East Malaysia with an area of 329,750 km2. The agricultural sector in Malaysia is about 10.24% (738,677 / 75,657) of GDP in year 2008 (Department of Statistics Malaysia). Organic farming in Malaysia was started by Center for Environment, Technology and Development, Malaysia (CETDEM). During year 1986 CETDEM started their organic farm in Sungai Buloh with only one hectare plot. According to Department of Agriculture (DoA), there is 131 hectares of organic farm in Malaysia during year 2001 and approximates organic farming increase to more than 1000 hectares in year 2005. In year 2008, there are about 1000 hectares of registered and 2800 hectares of unregistered organic farm. Table 1.1: Organic production area Source: Organic Alliance Malaysia, 2007 Organic farming and production had started up during year 1990. Due to increase in favorability and demand toward organic products this niche market is growing continuously. Consequently, there is increase in the number of organic organization which include government department and non government organization (Table 1.2). Table 1.2: Organic organization in Malaysia Source: Better Diet Islam, 2009 Malaysian organic scheme (SOM) is the organization that has the right to give certification to organic farmers. Today, there are 28 Malaysian Organic Scheme (SOM) Certificate Holders in nationwide with a total area of 1244 hectares (Table 1.3). Table 1.3: Malaysian Organic Scheme (SOM) Certificate Holders Source: Department of Agriculture Malaysia, 2009 Due to increasing in organic farming and production, the number of organic retail outlets is also in the increasing manner. As a result, there are many organic companies have started their business such as Justlife, BMS, Country farm, ZenXin, Woots and etc. Organic food was previously consumed by cancer patients or patients who had serious health problem. Today, organic food becomes a choice for every family or even each and everyone. As we know, Justlife is a famous retailer of organic food and organic products. Justlife has only owned half of a whole retail shop at SS2, Subang Selangor with limited organic products and food. Recently, they are success and owning eight retail shops in Malaysia. Accordingly, we can observe that consumer demand of organic food and products is rising in recent year. Since the demand of organic food and products are increasing, government has putting effort in order to encourage producers to involve themselves in organic farming. Besides, government mentioned in Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010), they estimating the value for organic farms industry will be worth RM800 million after five year and plan to have 20,000 hectares of organic farm in year 2010 (Economic Planning Unit). During year 2001, Organic Alliance Malaysia (OAM) was found and this organization act as a private sector association to form national network. Government has tried to match the demand by increase the number of producer and organic farmer. However, we still supported by imports and the amount of foods that we imported from other country is about RM10.9bil or 8.7% of total import. Therefore, a study on consumer behaviour is crucial in order to forecast the demand and prepare for supply. According to local report, a supplier Kerby Ho of KK Hoganik told that demand for organic fruits and vegetables were increase at about 8%-10% every month (NST, 2008). Informed by organic-certified wholesaler Radiant Codes manager- Loke Siew Fong in local report, the sale is experiencing double digit growth. She added that consumers are having higher awareness on health issues nowadays and search for organic food rather than conventional foods (NST, 2008). As a result, research on consumer behaviour can tell supplier with fact reason why they demand for organic food and better understanding the trend of organic market. Moreover, the needs of communicate for both organic concept and build market confidence are vital in Malaysia market. Most of the citizen were still choosing conventional foods as usual and refuse to purchase organic food due to their own personal reason such as inconvenience, price, knowledge and others. Consequently, marketers have to know the concern of customers or citizen in order to better target the market and segments. In short, organic market is in an encouraging rate and it is a potential market for marketers, farmers, suppliers, wholesalers and retailers to aim. The reason why and how the demand increase is important for them to study in order to server the organic fans at the right time and right place with sufficient supplies. 1.3 Research Problem Consume organic food has become an important subject for today in changing social graphic and emerging trend. Government had been aware of the importance of organic sector since early of 1990s. The Organic Trade Association forecasts sales of organic food will be increase by 18% annually through 2010. Organic products become part of the picture for everyone at the present time and customer base of organic sector expected to rise and retailers continue to provide wider variety of organic food. Commissions communication > were presented in December 2002 that they are planning to increase their efficiency, transparency and consumer confidences in order to develop the market for organic food (Gracia and de Magistris, 2007). Refer to a report found in OAM in November 2008, Katherine diMatteo, president of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture; consumers seek organic produce as a way of environmental degradation, or as the best way to eat healthy foods. Besides, government and others view that purchasing organic is a good way for developing fair trade due to most of the organic farmers are small-scale producers. The trend of eating and purchasing organic has boosted up the organic sector in constructive rate. Transaction and trade of business have increase indirectly and these also bring a healthy rate for Malaysia economy. Consumers also willing to pay for organic food during economy down turn in June 2008. Economy down turn do not brought a strong impact to this industry and the sale of organic food still in a healthy and encouraging rate. As a result, we confidents there are something behind the consumers to motivate and move them to purchase organic food. At one time, people always believe that consumers choice was unstructured and natural but at this moment, people know that human behaviour is manipulated, push or even forced by reason. For instance, health conscious is affecting consumers where they will hunt for organic food in order to replace conventional foods. Nevertheless, this is only one of the hypotheses or assumption that we can made, we cannot prove that this is the accurate explanation for the question: Why the demand of purchasing organic food is increased from year to year? Additionally, there are many factors that keep moving people from conventional foods to organic food. Hence, study on the factor that affect consumers willingness in purchasing organic food is an essential issue to further understand consumers mind and support organic. Furthermore, dynamic issues and factors which influence consumers are changeable among individual and purchase decision of organic food will depend on many variables such as consumers attitudes toward environmental protection and healthiness (Gracia and de Magistris, 2007). Human behaviour and customers choice is not impulsive, unconscious, inborn and natural. Conversely, consumers behaviour is always motivated by the environment, enthusiasm, sensation and emotion (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). Consumer willingness to pay for organic food may influence by numerous factors. Human beings easily get influenced by the environment and objects surrounding them. We have no capability to freeze their consumption and purchase behaviour. The only way that we can do is to study deeply on what are the main aspects they are focusing and what are the essential factors that manipulate their purchasing. More to the point, people perception and motivation in purchase organic food are vary from country t o country. There is different demand in different county with different culture. In order to have a good explanation to answer the entire question and have a bottomless understanding of customers willingness to pay during obtain organic food, we come out with the problem statement: What are the main aspects that manipulate consumers willingness to pay for organic food. Policy maker seek consumer oriental analysis in organic sector since the information is crucial for them (Gracia and de Magistris, 2007). The study not only can improve the understanding of consumer behaviour and factors that affect customers but it is also a necessary research to help marketers to market the products, help government to better know the needs of citizen, help retailers or wholesalers to do some related activities to encourage consumers in order to choose organic food and help producer to estimate the production in future. 1.4 Research Objective The main purpose of this research is to recognize some of the essential variables that motivate or stimulate citizen in Malaysia in purchasing organic food. Organic market is a potential and profitable market for marketers to have a deep study on it since the demand of organic food is keep increasing nowadays. Besides, organic industry did contribute to Malaysia economy and citizens health, as well as the environment. In my opinion, customers belief, feeling, attitudes, motivation and demand trend would bring a deep impact on food industry and this will bring challenges for marketer to design marketing strategy. The following objectives are built to achieve goals of this study. i. To study the determinants that motive consumers willingness to pay for organic food. After identify all the factors, we can better target and server our customers when they doing their purchase. When retailers know all the factors and possess this advantage, they can come out with following step such as education fair, seminar or others kind of exhibition to influence or encourage customers in order to purchase organic food. Moreover, eating organic food can save and secure the earth. Consume organic food not only healthier but also more environmental friendly if compare with conventional foods. By educating others customers about the benefit of consuming organic food, sales of organic food will definitely continue to double up in the future. By the way, this also can help marketers to better market the products and also target potential customers easily. Lastly, this as well will contribute to economic growth and better environment for next generation. ii. To better understanding consumer buying decision and contribute precise data to policy makers. There is a problem that release by NST on November 2008 which is the number of organic supporter is increasing however; there are too few farmers to serve the large pool of consumers. As a result, we can overcome the problem of supply and demand after knowing the reason why customers purchase organic food or not. Moreover, most of the researchers showed consumers are willing to pay for high quality food. If this research can prove that there is a significant result between quality and willingness to pay. Related organization can immediately take action in order to strengthen organic production governance. iii. To study the impact on organic food industry due to the issue of health conscious. Recently, health conscious beca Analysis of the Organic Food Industry in Malaysia Analysis of the Organic Food Industry in Malaysia Chapter 1 Introduction 1.1 Introduction Today, with the advancement of science and technology, humans have more exposure to information technology, knowledge and education than ever before. As a result, people become more aware and sensitive to the environment and their surroundings. A quality and healthy lifestyle have becomes a kind of necessity to the modern generation. Among others, Organic Food is recognized to be one of the contributors to a healthy lifestyle. Almost every day, you can read or see Organic topic everywhere around you. From newspaper, magazine, billboard advertisement, internet and etc, Organic has slowly becomes a trend to the modern society. However, a few issues have been identified in the Organic Industry in Malaysia. These factors have a strong role in influencing the purchasing and consuming of Organic Food in Malaysia. Therefore, it is important to identified and understand every factor of influence that affect the purchasing and consuming of organic food in Malaysia as all this factors will affect the entire industry from farmer, retailer, produces and even the consumers. 1.2 Background of Study 1.2.1 What is organic food Based on United State, European, and international definitions, organic food is define as without using any material substance in the food itself, but instead by the holistic methods used on organic farms. According to Gracia and Magistris (2007), the intention of organic production is to eliminate chemical used on the food production in order to promote healthier and safety food. Moreover, organic food also means that it is not cultivated using chemical-derived pesticides fertilizers and herbicides. As an alternative, the process of planting and farming the organic food are by using holistic methods such as compost, crop rotation, and biological agents over a natural period of time. According to National Organic Standard Board of the U.S Department of Agriculture (USDA) in year 2000, they established a national standard for the term organic. Organic food, it is defined by how it cannot be made rather by how it can be made, which must be produced without the used of sewer-sludge fert ilizers, most synthetic fertilizers, and pesticides, genetic engineering(biotechnology), growth hormones, irradiations and antibiotics (TheStar, 2005). From the individuals point of view, organic means it is grown in a natural environment without any chemical, antibiotics, genetic engineering, and any synthetic products or in simple way, organic mean natural or go back to the traditional way of modes of agricultural. As an overview, the developments of organic food always work in cooperation with nature environment. Normally peoples definition of organic food maybe was just vegetables and fruits, but actually plenty of foods category like meats, eggs, livestock, dairy products and many more are also conclude as organic food. This issues supported by the research conducted by Padel and Foster (2005) where respondents only associate organic term with vegetable and fruit. Generally, organic food includes plenty of categories which include vegetables, fruits, bread, meat, eggs, coffee, juice, rice, tea, potatoes and etc. Other than that, organic food like egg, meat must be free of all kinds of antibiotics or growth naturally in a clean environment. To sum up, organic food is more environmental friendly since it does not create any pollution and waste to the earth. Besides, they give a tremendous opportunity to human being which led to healthy lifestyle and provide a better environment. Organic consumers carry a meaning of who are not only prefer an improved and healthier lifestyle but also environmental exportation and responsible to take care of the nature (Midmore et al, 2005). In addition, it also brings advantage to whole economy by increase business activities, trade, production and consumption. 1.2.2 The fact of organic The rise of demanding organic food and healthy lifestyle in both developed and developing country is not just a passing fad. The popularity of consuming organic food is now in an increasing manner in all over the world where it also includes Malaysia. Increased consumers concern and care regarding food safety and quality as well as health and nutritional aspect of food resulted in increased demand toward organically produced food. Such trend is a kind of reaction to numerous health affair related to processed food (Davies et al, 1995). Refer to the press release post by Nestlà © Malaysia in year 2008, it shows that organic growth reached 8.9% including 3.4% of real internal growth. In Europe, organic growth of Nestlà ©s total Food and Beverages business is about 5.4% and the growth rate is presented around 9.5% in United State and Asia, Oceania and Africa is at the rate of 14.2%. Functional food such as health supplements and organic food was projected reach RM234bil (US$65bil) in 2003 at global market place. It is estimated reach RM601bil (US$167bil) in 2010 by has the growth rate of 14% annually. According Federal Agricultural Marketing Authority (FAMA), in the year of 2001 the sale for organic food has achieved USD 8 billion world wide. The sale value of organic food is estimated to have growth rate at 20-30% by year 2005. The organization stated that if compared with others agricultural products, organic food has high potential for commercialization in Malaysia. Demand for healthy, environmental friendly processed food, minimally chemical used fresh food, organic food and natural food are caused by increasing of consumer awareness in nutrition value and health conscious (Malaysia Industrial Development Authority, MIDA, 2009). Malaysian start to increase their demand since they believe that consuming organic food is one of the best ways that led to a healthy lifestyle and they view this as a worthy investment for their heath. The concern of consumers toward food safety, quality and the environment give an opportunity to the organic industry and become more valuable for produ cers and retailers. As a part from that, it also activates the organic agriculture sector in Malaysia. The rises of consumers awareness of healthy lifestyle along with environment free of pollution have created a wonderful opportunity and market for organic food. However, it is hard for producer or businessman to manage the right products at a right time, right price and still right place with attractive promotion since the changes of consumer behaviour was so unstable due to various kind of reason, so it is very complicate to fix or to define how the consumer behave. Consumer behaviour carries the meaning of activities people undertake when obtaining, consuming and disposing of products and services (Kozak, and Decrop, 2009). As a result, study and understanding the consumer behaviour and willingness of consumers to pay for organic food is a vital knowledge for marketers, producers and businessman. There is a behavioural model proposed by Von Alvesleben (1997) address that product information, product perception and attitudes are the main factors that drive consumer behaviour. When w e believe that an object or brand possess favorable attributes or have good feeling then we will have good attitudes toward it. As we all know, when consumer attitudes are more desirable, the intention to purchase is stronger. In this research, it is more focus on consumer preferences and their willingness to pay when they wish to obtain organic food. The result can help marketers and policy makers develop strategies to reach customers more effectively and efficiently. 1.2.3 Natural Food vs Organic food Most of the people are often confuse about the different between organic food and natural food. Moreover, people though organic food and natural food own the same attribute and tend to treat or mean both the same. In fact, there are certain features that distinguish organic food and natural food. Obviously, the main factor difference the two is organic food must be certified by United Stated Agricultural Department (USDA) and organic food possessed higher quality. We can notice that organic food have labelled organic and this label represent the products are considered as organic by USDA and get the stamp of approval from designed organization. Products which stamp by USDA or labelled with organic must contain at least 95percent organic. Organic food can either labelled by foreign certification which is USDA or certify by local organization which is Malaysia Organic Scheme (SOM). Products that labelled with SOM carry a meaning which is the process of production inspected by departments Crop Quality Control Division. The standard where SOM follow is Sirim MS 1529:2001 standards. The guideline applied to control whole process of organic food which includes production, processing, labelling and marketing of plant-based organically produced food and lastly, series number will be provided in order to ease the identification process (SOM). Previously, certification only offer for limited organic food such as vegetables, fruit and etc. In general, Malaysia organic aquaculture products were under the governance of Thailands Organic Aquaculture Farms and Products Certification Centre (OAPC). In order to enhance aquaculture industry in Malaysia, fisheries department provide organic scheme for organic aquaculture production. Additional, this action can minimize the cost of apply organic aquaculture certification from other country. Moreover, organic food always free of chemical fertilizers, pesticides, bioengineering or irradiation during produce, manufacture and handle (Annadana,2009). Besides, livestock must be free of growth hormones and antibiotics. On the others hand, there is not any specify standard for natural food and it is grown with pesticides, herbicides and chemical fertilizers. Basically, natural food have minimal processing and do not contain refined sugar or artificial ingredients and without altering the raw product (Hermitt, 2006). 1.2.4 Consumer vs Customer Generally, most of the people have categorized both consumer and customer in the same category where it carry the meaning of purchase any products from sellers. Conversely, both of the words carry different meaning. According to Kotler and Armstrong (2006), consumer is the person who purchases any products for personal use or they call end user. Basically, consumer is the individual who had previously purchased or current users for particular product. On the other hand, the word customer carries different meaning in different perspective. In business market, customer is the individual or organization who purchase the product but not for own consumption. The products will become their inventory for further production or resell to end user (Kotler and Armstrong, 2006). Customer can either is a current user or only a potential customer for the product (Wikipedia). 1.2.5 Organic industry in Malaysia Since 1990s organic market has grown in a favorable beat. Thus, sale of organic food and products are forecasted to be between USD 20 and USD 30 billion yearly. USA is the biggest organic market follow by Germany and United Kingdom. In certain country such as Denmark, Sweden, Austria and Switzerland have 4% share of organic food which exceed in the total food sales. On the other hand, organic market in developing countries is small but considers growing especially in upper income developing countries. Figure 1.3 shows the coverage of organic farm in different country in year 2005. Malaysia is located in Southeast Asia and consists of two mainlands which is Peninsular (west) Malaysia and East Malaysia with an area of 329,750 km2. The agricultural sector in Malaysia is about 10.24% (738,677 / 75,657) of GDP in year 2008 (Department of Statistics Malaysia). Organic farming in Malaysia was started by Center for Environment, Technology and Development, Malaysia (CETDEM). During year 1986 CETDEM started their organic farm in Sungai Buloh with only one hectare plot. According to Department of Agriculture (DoA), there is 131 hectares of organic farm in Malaysia during year 2001 and approximates organic farming increase to more than 1000 hectares in year 2005. In year 2008, there are about 1000 hectares of registered and 2800 hectares of unregistered organic farm. Table 1.1: Organic production area Source: Organic Alliance Malaysia, 2007 Organic farming and production had started up during year 1990. Due to increase in favorability and demand toward organic products this niche market is growing continuously. Consequently, there is increase in the number of organic organization which include government department and non government organization (Table 1.2). Table 1.2: Organic organization in Malaysia Source: Better Diet Islam, 2009 Malaysian organic scheme (SOM) is the organization that has the right to give certification to organic farmers. Today, there are 28 Malaysian Organic Scheme (SOM) Certificate Holders in nationwide with a total area of 1244 hectares (Table 1.3). Table 1.3: Malaysian Organic Scheme (SOM) Certificate Holders Source: Department of Agriculture Malaysia, 2009 Due to increasing in organic farming and production, the number of organic retail outlets is also in the increasing manner. As a result, there are many organic companies have started their business such as Justlife, BMS, Country farm, ZenXin, Woots and etc. Organic food was previously consumed by cancer patients or patients who had serious health problem. Today, organic food becomes a choice for every family or even each and everyone. As we know, Justlife is a famous retailer of organic food and organic products. Justlife has only owned half of a whole retail shop at SS2, Subang Selangor with limited organic products and food. Recently, they are success and owning eight retail shops in Malaysia. Accordingly, we can observe that consumer demand of organic food and products is rising in recent year. Since the demand of organic food and products are increasing, government has putting effort in order to encourage producers to involve themselves in organic farming. Besides, government mentioned in Ninth Malaysia Plan (2006-2010), they estimating the value for organic farms industry will be worth RM800 million after five year and plan to have 20,000 hectares of organic farm in year 2010 (Economic Planning Unit). During year 2001, Organic Alliance Malaysia (OAM) was found and this organization act as a private sector association to form national network. Government has tried to match the demand by increase the number of producer and organic farmer. However, we still supported by imports and the amount of foods that we imported from other country is about RM10.9bil or 8.7% of total import. Therefore, a study on consumer behaviour is crucial in order to forecast the demand and prepare for supply. According to local report, a supplier Kerby Ho of KK Hoganik told that demand for organic fruits and vegetables were increase at about 8%-10% every month (NST, 2008). Informed by organic-certified wholesaler Radiant Codes manager- Loke Siew Fong in local report, the sale is experiencing double digit growth. She added that consumers are having higher awareness on health issues nowadays and search for organic food rather than conventional foods (NST, 2008). As a result, research on consumer behaviour can tell supplier with fact reason why they demand for organic food and better understanding the trend of organic market. Moreover, the needs of communicate for both organic concept and build market confidence are vital in Malaysia market. Most of the citizen were still choosing conventional foods as usual and refuse to purchase organic food due to their own personal reason such as inconvenience, price, knowledge and others. Consequently, marketers have to know the concern of customers or citizen in order to better target the market and segments. In short, organic market is in an encouraging rate and it is a potential market for marketers, farmers, suppliers, wholesalers and retailers to aim. The reason why and how the demand increase is important for them to study in order to server the organic fans at the right time and right place with sufficient supplies. 1.3 Research Problem Consume organic food has become an important subject for today in changing social graphic and emerging trend. Government had been aware of the importance of organic sector since early of 1990s. The Organic Trade Association forecasts sales of organic food will be increase by 18% annually through 2010. Organic products become part of the picture for everyone at the present time and customer base of organic sector expected to rise and retailers continue to provide wider variety of organic food. Commissions communication > were presented in December 2002 that they are planning to increase their efficiency, transparency and consumer confidences in order to develop the market for organic food (Gracia and de Magistris, 2007). Refer to a report found in OAM in November 2008, Katherine diMatteo, president of the International Federation of Organic Agriculture; consumers seek organic produce as a way of environmental degradation, or as the best way to eat healthy foods. Besides, government and others view that purchasing organic is a good way for developing fair trade due to most of the organic farmers are small-scale producers. The trend of eating and purchasing organic has boosted up the organic sector in constructive rate. Transaction and trade of business have increase indirectly and these also bring a healthy rate for Malaysia economy. Consumers also willing to pay for organic food during economy down turn in June 2008. Economy down turn do not brought a strong impact to this industry and the sale of organic food still in a healthy and encouraging rate. As a result, we confidents there are something behind the consumers to motivate and move them to purchase organic food. At one time, people always believe that consumers choice was unstructured and natural but at this moment, people know that human behaviour is manipulated, push or even forced by reason. For instance, health conscious is affecting consumers where they will hunt for organic food in order to replace conventional foods. Nevertheless, this is only one of the hypotheses or assumption that we can made, we cannot prove that this is the accurate explanation for the question: Why the demand of purchasing organic food is increased from year to year? Additionally, there are many factors that keep moving people from conventional foods to organic food. Hence, study on the factor that affect consumers willingness in purchasing organic food is an essential issue to further understand consumers mind and support organic. Furthermore, dynamic issues and factors which influence consumers are changeable among individual and purchase decision of organic food will depend on many variables such as consumers attitudes toward environmental protection and healthiness (Gracia and de Magistris, 2007). Human behaviour and customers choice is not impulsive, unconscious, inborn and natural. Conversely, consumers behaviour is always motivated by the environment, enthusiasm, sensation and emotion (Ajzen and Fishbein, 1980). Consumer willingness to pay for organic food may influence by numerous factors. Human beings easily get influenced by the environment and objects surrounding them. We have no capability to freeze their consumption and purchase behaviour. The only way that we can do is to study deeply on what are the main aspects they are focusing and what are the essential factors that manipulate their purchasing. More to the point, people perception and motivation in purchase organic food are vary from country t o country. There is different demand in different county with different culture. In order to have a good explanation to answer the entire question and have a bottomless understanding of customers willingness to pay during obtain organic food, we come out with the problem statement: What are the main aspects that manipulate consumers willingness to pay for organic food. Policy maker seek consumer oriental analysis in organic sector since the information is crucial for them (Gracia and de Magistris, 2007). The study not only can improve the understanding of consumer behaviour and factors that affect customers but it is also a necessary research to help marketers to market the products, help government to better know the needs of citizen, help retailers or wholesalers to do some related activities to encourage consumers in order to choose organic food and help producer to estimate the production in future. 1.4 Research Objective The main purpose of this research is to recognize some of the essential variables that motivate or stimulate citizen in Malaysia in purchasing organic food. Organic market is a potential and profitable market for marketers to have a deep study on it since the demand of organic food is keep increasing nowadays. Besides, organic industry did contribute to Malaysia economy and citizens health, as well as the environment. In my opinion, customers belief, feeling, attitudes, motivation and demand trend would bring a deep impact on food industry and this will bring challenges for marketer to design marketing strategy. The following objectives are built to achieve goals of this study. i. To study the determinants that motive consumers willingness to pay for organic food. After identify all the factors, we can better target and server our customers when they doing their purchase. When retailers know all the factors and possess this advantage, they can come out with following step such as education fair, seminar or others kind of exhibition to influence or encourage customers in order to purchase organic food. Moreover, eating organic food can save and secure the earth. Consume organic food not only healthier but also more environmental friendly if compare with conventional foods. By educating others customers about the benefit of consuming organic food, sales of organic food will definitely continue to double up in the future. By the way, this also can help marketers to better market the products and also target potential customers easily. Lastly, this as well will contribute to economic growth and better environment for next generation. ii. To better understanding consumer buying decision and contribute precise data to policy makers. There is a problem that release by NST on November 2008 which is the number of organic supporter is increasing however; there are too few farmers to serve the large pool of consumers. As a result, we can overcome the problem of supply and demand after knowing the reason why customers purchase organic food or not. Moreover, most of the researchers showed consumers are willing to pay for high quality food. If this research can prove that there is a significant result between quality and willingness to pay. Related organization can immediately take action in order to strengthen organic production governance. iii. To study the impact on organic food industry due to the issue of health conscious. Recently, health conscious beca

Policing Function

Policing Function University of Phoenix CJ/394 – Criminal Organizations SC11BCJ06 February 13th, 2013 Policing Law enforcement in the United States is a very unique component of the criminal justice system. Police Officers are thought to be the guardians of the gate; however, there are different levels of law enforcement that police cities, counties, and states. Law enforcement is broken down into different agencies. According to Grant and Terry (2008, p. 3-15) four levels of law enforcement exist in the United States; Most cities and counties have their own municipal and county law enforcement agencies which include city police and sheriff departments such as the Los Angeles Police Department and the Los Angeles Sheriff’s Department. Each state has its level of law enforcement as well; example of state law enforcement agencies include the California Highway Patrol and the California Department of Fish and Game (DFG) Warden.On the federal level agencies such as the Fede ral Bureau of Investigation (FBI), the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA) and the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (ATF) are accountable for all federal jurisdiction. Briefly, this report will outline the various perspectives of policing as they apply to the various agencies of law enforcement in the United States. Since the inception of the United States common laws, rules, and regulations have been enacted to preserve society; this report will identify and outline possible changes in current laws.In addition, the impact of possible changes as they apply to policing will be underlined. Levels of Policing Municipal and County As mentioned earlier, law enforcement in the United States is broken up to different levels and categories. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics (2013), United States local law enforcement makes up two-thirds of 18,000 law enforcement agencies. The first level of policing consist of the municipal and county law enforcement agencie s. The aforementioned level of law enforcement is the majority of policing in the United States.Local and county law enforcement officials are by far the most depended on agency in society throughout the United States. Municipal law enforcement agencies are often seen patrolling neighborhoods, responding to calls for service or enforcing traffic laws. According to Grant and Terry (2008, p. 13), â€Å"Large local law enforcement agencies often are responsible for investigating serious violent and property crimes in their jurisdictions, compared to half of state agencies (Bureau of Justice Statistics 2000). In addition to the many duties that are bestowed on to the police, local law enforcement is called upon for non-emergency and non-essential law enforcement needs. An example of the aforementioned is a call for service because a cat is stuck in a tree; again the call is non-emergency, however it is a call for service that officers respond to daily. County level policing usually con sists of the Sheriff’s Department; however, Grant and Terry (2008, p. 13) suggest some counties do have a larger police force that would account for the jurisdiction of a county.Grant and Terry (2008, p. 13) state, â€Å"in some jurisdictions this office is dissolved into a county police force that functions much the same as municipal police. † Typically the Sheriff’s Office assumes jurisdiction in larger unincorporated areas; the scope of their duties revolve around enforcing court orders, court summons, or working the county jails. In some counties, the Sheriff’s Department’s functioning purpose is to provide police services much like a regular police agency, Grant and Terry (2008, p. 13-14).Grant and Terry (2008, p. 14) states, â€Å"In some jurisdictions, the sheriff’s office is entirely law enforcement focused, with no other responsibilities. † State In addition to the local and county police, each state has its own category of l aw enforcement. In the state of California the following agencies serve as a component in law enforcement: the California Highway Patrol (CHP), the Department of Fish and Game (Warden), California Lottery Security and Law Enforcement. State Law enforcement agencies are capable of arresting and xecuting search warrants, Grant and Terry (2008, p. 14). Other functions of state level policing include state investigations, collaboration with local and county law enforcement agencies, highway traffic enforcement and investigations, and enforcing state laws. Essentially, law enforcement on the state level may conduct basic law enforcement duties; however, most state police agencies are specific such as the CHP or the California Lottery Security and Law Enforcement. Federal Federal law enforcement includes agencies such as the FBI, DEA, and the ATF.In general federal law enforcement agencies can only enforce federal laws, where as local and state law enforcement agencies have jurisdiction o ver local and states matters, per Tenth Amendment of the United States Constitution, Grant and Terry (2008, p. 15). In 2002, the Homeland Security Act was enacted; said act recognized multiple federal law enforcement agencies as part of the new Department of Homeland Security. Prior to the aforementioned act two major federal agencies were prevalent in law enforcement: the Department of Justice and the Department of Treasury, Grant and Terry (2008, p. 15).Some federal policing duties include the following: investigations, inspections, federal court, security, and protection. Changes Among the many changing laws in the United States, there are a few that could prove to be an immense impact on society, more so on policing. The recent proposal for tougher gun laws and the use of advanced technology to police society seem to be on the horizon for today’s society. On December 14th, 2012, Adam Lanza, the shooter in the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting murdered twenty children and six adults; Lanza used an â€Å"assault rifle† and some other weapons to carry out the aforementioned crime.Since the Sandy Hook incident the push for tougher gun laws has been proposed, thus causing a split in society. Currently the proposal is for a ban on â€Å"assault rifles† and ammunition sales. Some of the issues revolve around identifying certain weapons as assault weapons and limiting the amount of bullets allowed in a magazine. The Second Amendment of the United States Constitution states, â€Å"A well regulated militia, being necessary to the security of a free state, the right of the people to keep and bear arms, shall not be infringed† Cornell University Law School (n. d. ).Historically, it has been proven that criminals don’t abide by the rules set forth in society. Should a tougher gun law or an assault weapons ban be imposed, the Second Amendment will be infringed on. Currently, society is split on wanting tougher gun laws; however, th e other half are supportive of their right to bear arms and weapons ownership. One may wonder how this may pose as a challenge in the future of policing. The fact of the matter is law enforcement is meeting that challenge in today’s society; they are being asked to comply with a movement of recovering weapons from the streets and from responsible owners.The positive outcome from the aforementioned action revolves around recovering unwanted and potentially dangerous weapons; however, contrary to making society a safer place, the aforementioned action also promotes an opportunity for criminals to capitalize on. One should consider the negative result of not being able to have more than eight bullets, much less not owning a gun for protection. Criminals do not abide by the rules and regulations that have been enacted, thus there lack of concern for others.Considering the aforementioned point, the rise is crime, specifically violent crimes such as robbery, assault with deadly wea pons, murder, and home invasions are all very possible. It is possible for the police to be understaffed while trying to combat the forecasted spike in crime. In addition, lots of innocent people could potentially be harmed or killed. Technology The recent proposal for using unmanned drones to assist police officers in the field is being met with mixed emotions as well. Many citizens feel as if their Constitutional rights are being violated; particularly the Fourth Amendment in the United States Constitution.Unmanned Drones also known as Unmanned Arial Vehicles (UAV) would assist the police departments in field operations as they fly around and provide vital real time information giving law enforcement the edge on crime fighting. The issue that arises centers around the government violating the Fourth Amendment; having the UAV fly around in a large city such as Los Angeles makes many citizens wonder if the police are using this for actual police work as opposed to randomly checking on them for non-policing monitoring. The Fourth Amendment of the United States Constitution suggests United States citizens should be secure in heir own person and home; in addition that Amendment also include their personal papers and effects shall be free of unreasonable search or seizure from the government, and no warrant issued without probable cause. With a UAV flying around the city it is safe to assume many citizens will feel violated. In the future this will most definitely be an asset to law enforcement; however, it will come at the cost of freedom, privacy, and trust in law enforcement. Conclusion In this report the author briefly outlined the different levels of law enforcement in the United States.Each level of policing has certain function within society, from the local and county level to the federal level. Though every level has different functions throughout law enforcement, they still seem to provide basic services in regards to policing; in addition, all levels co llaborate amongst themselves to help combat crime and provide solutions to preserve peace and a sense of security in society. Furthermore, two examples of current laws have been expanded on, giving a forecast of how they will change and impact law enforcement in the future.References Cornell University Law Shcool: Second Amendment. (n. d. ). Retrieved fromhttp://www. law. cornell. edu/constitution/second_amendment Cornell University Law Shcool: Fourth Amendment. (n. d. ). Retrieved fromhttp://www. law. cornell. edu/constitution/fourth_amendment Grant, H. B. , & Terry, K. J. (2008). Law Enforcement in the 21st Century (2nd ed. ). Retrievedfrom The University of Phoenix eBook Collection database. Bureau of Justice Statistics: Local Police. (2013). Retrieved fromhttp://bjs. ojp. usdoj. gov/index. cfm? ty=tp&tid=71